C. They are mitotic. b. b. hindbrain. Just what does pass from the neurons to the muscle c. Neurons are specialized cells that can do which of the following that most other cells cannot do? b. reduce the activity of postganglionic sympathetic neurons. Oligodendrocytes form: These K+ ions decrease the positive ion concentration momentarily below the normal -70mV and thus hyperpolarize the cell. c. neurons. Get access to this video and our entire Q&A library. c. cause imbalance. 40. threshold Voltage-gated Na+ Which type of microglial cells promote inflammation? Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? A) the impulse would move to the axon terminal only A) the myelin sheath (a) They conduct impulses. 1. 15. a. motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. Which of the following statements is incorrect? d. Neurotransmission from the neuron would increase. d. at the axon terminal. Answer: Option D is correct Explanation: Neurons generally do not e. 1. What is the role of calcium in synaptic activity? View the full answer. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE REGARDING UMNS ? b. Epigenetics b. the medulla. In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? A. Myelin insulates neurons, keeping them at a high enough temperature to function well. 35. b. auditory information. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. A postsynaptic cell can be a neuron, a muscle cell, or a secretory cell. To reveal how individual NAc neurons respond to reward, we implanted gradient index (GRIN) lenses in the NAcLat and the NAcMed and recorded single-neuron calcium activity using a miniature head-mounted microscopy (Figures 2 A and 2B). What parts of a neuron are completely contained within a ganglion? Neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell membrane and allows ions to diffuse across the membrane. b. astrocytes respond to injury. Which of the following will occur when an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is being generated on the dendritic membrane? a. Amygdala C) They can be called postsynaptic potentials. Identify the following: Acetylcholinesterase would be found in the synapse between neurons for this branch of the ANS and the effector cells. 7. The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another. Hepatocytes and neurons express low baseline CB1R and CB2R, respectively, and their cell-type-specific functions are not well defined. The p.N370S substitution causes a violation of the enzyme conformation, which affects its stability in the cell. B) type of stimulus receptor Which of the following is not true about the cerebral cortex? As you start working out, you notice that your heart rate and breathing rate start to increase. Classify neurons according to their structure. C) negatively charged and contains more sodium The majority of these axonal knobs are shown to be "firing." C. Myelin traps sodium ions in the axon, What does myelin do for neurons? c. the structure is further out to the side of the brain. A) Cells with gap junctions use chemical synapses. They may live as long as the organism they are part of, and they have an exceptionally high metabolic rate, requiring large amounts of glucose and oxygen to produce ATP. a. anchor neurons to blood vessels. (a . a. efferent neuron b. afferent neuron c. association neuron d. glial cell, Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? When the neurons were damaged, the number of Nissl corpuscles decreased significantly . Characteristics and function of neurons. If an experimental drug produced physiological effects similar to nitric oxide, then a Explain why some forms of MS are characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation. b. expect to find increased blood flow. b. efferent neuron. Identify the neuron type described: Two neuron types whose cell bodies are in the spinal cord (CNS). a. Doral root Contains cells with macrophage activity c. Exhibits regenerative capacities d. Contains lymphatic vessel. The CNS contains about 100 billion neurons, on the periphery - about 25 million.<br><br>The neuron is covered by a membrane that forms a closed space . Fill in the blank. Glial scars may impair recovery from brain injury because: The part of the neuron responsible for receiving, integrating, and sending nerve impulses is the A. dendrite. Which of the following describes the excitatory postsynaptic potential? c. M2 77. 56. 63. c. working memory. a. Alzheimer's disease. C) destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings 47. An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the ________. The small layer of tissue surrounding the cerebral aqueduct in the brain is called: The neuronal membrane. a. sensory neuron b. interneuron c. motor neuron d. gland e. muscle. a. Astrocytes d. pineal gland. 20. What are the different classes of neurons and their functions? Treatment of pain with local anesthetics leads to an unfavorable decrease in general sensory acuity due to their indiscriminate block of both pain sensing . d. Sensory efferent neurons po. Neurotransmitters are chemical signals used as a means of communication. The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a(n) ________. Relative to the central nervous system, motor neurons are referred to as afferent neurons. Which of the following is an EXCITATORY neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal. c. pineal gland. D) They are mitotic. b. the blood-brain barrier C) proteins have been resynthesized b. Sensory afferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. A. thow ion selectivity C. are gated A. Preganglionic neurons tend to be long, with the ganglion located in or near the effector target tissue (s). What structural classification describes this neuron? b. Neurons would be unable to form the blood-brain barrier. hippocampus, which of the following would most likely be the result? Contains lymphatic vessel. a. c. end terminus. Diminished release of acetylcholine from preganglionic sympathetic neurons would: In which area of the neuron is an action potential initially generated? B) cholinesterase Tell why you think so. c. Myasthenia Gravis. D) They can be called postsynaptic potentials. D) found in the retina of the eye, Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle? 1 and Klioutchnikov et al. A. they produce neurotransmitters B. they lack neurotransmitter receptors C. they receive communication from other neurons D. they slow down the action potential. C) neurolemma Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? The latter from the brain to the spinal cord. c. synapses. B) oligodendrocytes a) Myelin insulates neurons, keeping them at a high enough temperature to function well. a. increase the activity of reactive astrocytes. Neurotransmitter is released from presynaptic neurons through what mechanism? B They have extreme longevity. d. frontal lobe. Neurons that carry impulses the central nervous system to the muscles or glands are called neurons or motor neurons. Select the correct statement regarding synapses. c. enhance the activity of reactive astrocytes. Growing numbers of sodium channels appear spontaneously in the demyelinated fibers so that conduction resumes, even if slower. O They conduct impulses. d. Sensory, Which neuron structure receives impulses from the preceding cell? c. Astrocytes What are the advantages and disadvantages of Europe's communications systems? b. The significance of the myelin sheath surrounding axons of werve neurons is that ia is B. composed of synaptio vesieles, which corapletely botate the nouron due w ins whter dianecer. a. neuromuscular junction. The axon c. The dendrites d. The Nissl bodies. ________ potentials are short-lived, local changes in membrane potential that can be either depolarized or hyperpolarized. A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called a(n) ________. 45. are crucial for the development of neural connections. The GBA gene encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase). b. thalamus. B) dendrite A. excitability B. neurotransmitter production C. high energy needs D. capability of mitosis. As a component of the hyperdirect and indirect pathways, the STN is important for constraining movement, thought, and emotion through synaptic excitation of GABAergic basal ganglia output neurons. Touch stimulation of this sensory receptor will open the mechanically gated ion channels, but action potentials are still not initiated because propagation of an action potential requires the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels. b. oligodendrocytes. When information is delivered within the CNS simultaneously by different parts of the neural pathway, the process is called ________ processing. Which of the following surrounds PNS neurons and provides support? 2. Cells may have long extensions. B) short distance depolarization Which of the following cells are not found in a connective tissue? b. polymorphism. The cells communicate by sending signals between different parts of the brain, and the neurons can interface with gray matter nuclei. A) Sensory neuron B) Motor neuron C) Interneuron D) All of the above. A substance that inhibits the activity of the cerebellum would be expected to: B. axon. b. M3 Then, underline the verb in parentheses that agrees with the subject. 23 We detected neurons and extracted temporal components from the calcium imaging data (Figure 2 C) with the CNMF-E toolbox. When information is delivered within the CNS simultaneously by different parts of the neural pathway, the process is called ________ processing. Citation 17 - Citation 21 However, the effect of CH on axonal plasticity within the white matter following ischemic stroke is not known in detail. There are three types of neurons. Which nervous system subdivision is a chain of two motor neurons consisting of a preganglionic and a postganglionic neuron? True or False, The overlapping functions of the nervous system are sensory input, integration, and motor output. A single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium. A neuron is formed when a receptor ends on another cell becomes active. which ofthe following is correct? a. d . b. b. smooth muscle cells are uninucleated. Which of the following mechanisms is most significant in returning Na+ and K+ concentrations to resting ionic conditions (from point D to point E)? a. ribosomes. What does myelin do for neurons? c. a ventricle. b. increasing glial scarring. a. Somatic Nervous System Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli. kg 1), . Enkephalins and endorphins are peptides that act like morphine. True or False, Some neurotransmitters can be either excitatory or inhibitory depending upon the receptor. The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the ________. Answer (1 of 3): So a neuron is a specialized cell in the brain with certain characteristics. Sensory receptors for touch (and pressure) respond to physical deformation of the receptors, resulting in the opening of specific mechanically gated ion channels. It is shown that localized co-injection of lidocaine derivative QX-314 and receptor agonists is able to block cold sensitivity in mice in a targeted way, with implications for treating cold pain associated with injury and disease. d. spines along dendrites. A) They conduct impulses. Saltatory conduction is made possible by ________. 53. A) sodium A) senses changes in the environment STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NERVOUS AND GLIAL CELLS. C) Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the axons terminals of cells. a) anchor neurons to blood vessels b) control the chemical environment around neurons c) Provide the defense for the CNS d) support and brace neurons e) guide the migration of young neurons, synapse. b. cingulate cortex. Which of the following are functions of the CNS? Schwann cells myelinate PNS axons. c. basal ganglia. Give a valid explanation of why this could occur. Which does NOT describe nervous tissue? FUNCTIONS OF ORGANELL NEURONS<br><br>The nerve cell - neuron - is a structural and functional unit of nervous tissue. B) nerves c. Motor neurons. The presence of at least one Y chromosome indicates: 12. c. that a person is genetically male. 68. High metabolic rate C. Require continuous supplies of glucose and oxygen D. Extreme longevity E. No exceptions; all of these are characteristic of neurons. ependymal cells____ help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid: which of the following is an excitatory nerotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscles? d. They are the same as any other cells. Which of the following stimuli caused the reaction in the graph on the left? Serotonin is a biogenic amine neurotransmitter widely distributed in the brain, where it plays a role in emotional behavior and helps to regulate the biological clock. A. Describe which neurons are considered cholinergic in both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. Which of the following would NOT be an example of having an activated sympathetic 3. c. ventricles. inability to divide by mitosis long cell life span (longevity) high aerobic metabolic rate ability to survive in anaerobic (Uithout oxygen) conditions. The interior is ________. C. Afferent. 38. c. the person had a past traumatic brain injury. A) short distance hyperpolarization Collections of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system are called ________. Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials? Their basic function is to receive and transmit information through electrical impulses. A thirestold potential must be excecded or reached. c. reticular formation. Estimate the mass of Hg vapor present in the type of long, thin fluorescent tubes used in offices. a. regenerating axons may be unable to regain previous connections through the site of injury. Functions. Events that occur during synaptic activity are listed here, but they are arranged in an incorrect order. They have extreme longevity. 3 special characteristics of neurons. Oligodendrocytes are a type of neuroglia. d. support and brace neurons. D) innervation of skeletal muscle, Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ________. D) Schwann cell, Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials? The importance of a stimulus is derived from the number of stimuli received from the same source. 13. If a neuroscientist stated that a brain structure had efferent neurons, what can be concluded? 44. The nervous system most dominant while relaxing is the: What is the functional neuron type that is the most prevalent in the CNS? The landscaping business for the area totaled about$1,340,000 for the year. spindle fibres to divide the cell. The cell bodies of the upper motor neurons are located in the spinal cord B. 11. a. basal ganglia described as having a word on the tip of your tongue, might have abnormal functioning in the: What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called? Local anesthetics block voltage-gated Na+ channels, but they do not block mechanically gated ion channels. D) They are short-lived. Has component cells designed for conductivity b. a. interneuron. This disease causes gradual muscle stiffness . Cell body c. Ganglion d. Axon, Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle? Which of the following statements is true of both membrane potential responses shown in the graphs? 28. It stores energy reserves. d. Sympathetic ganglion, 24. New three-photon miniature microscopes open the study of neuronal networks to those deep in the brains of behaving animals. C) serotonin b. d. the person has a history of drug abuse. (d) All of these are characteristic of neurons. 49. b. Axon and soma b) Myelin prevents conduction of electricity from the axon hillock to the axon terminal. a. a. Neurons communicate with other neurons in the central nervous system. negatively charged and contains less sodium. a. inhibit the production of neurotrophins. 12. C) sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the head, body wall, and limbs and from receptors from the special senses of vision, hearing, taste, and smell to the CNS Which of the following is NOT a type of circuit? D) gamma aminobutyric acid, Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function? A. astrocytes B. ependymal cells C. microglia D. Schwann cells, Which of the following options is correct? d. implicit memory. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? c. in the synapse. Which of the following is false or incorrect? B) Group A fibers are mostly somatic sensory and motor and are the smallest in diameter. Expert Answer. Neuronal processes that normally conduct impulses toward neuron cell bodies are called and those that carry impulses away from neuron cell bodies are called. Define neurotransmitter. Neurons synapse with: a. other neurons b. muscles c. glands d. all of these. Use Equation v=v0+atv=v_0+a tv=v0+at to show that the time corresponding to the velocity found in part (a) is t=v0v022ax0at=\frac{-v_0 \pm \sqrt{v_0^2-2 a x_0}}{a}t=av0v022ax0. When excited electrically, the Hg atoms emit UV light, which excites the phosphor coating of the inner tube, which then emits visible (white) light. A researcher found that a drug increased heart rate. Different types of neurons include sensory, motor, and interneurons, as well as structurally-based neurons, which include unipolar, multipolar, bipolar, and pseudo-unipolar neurons. Central Nervous System When activated, shortens C. Found in the brain and spinal cord. 6. C) They are mitotic. What type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways? B) They can form on receptor endings. a. corpus callosum. E) nucleic acid. Which of the following is the mechanism by which these viruses travel from the ganglia (located within the head . Neurons are responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body, a process that allows us to move and exist in the world around us. B) Schwann cells What is the long outgrowth of a neuron along which electrical impulses are transmitted? a. Pons Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase. While taking notes in class, a student had keep in mind what the professor had just stated in 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Which of the following is not true of graded potentials? A genetic mutation caused by an error in replicating or repairing a gene is called: b. basal ganglia synapses. Learn about the neuron diagram, structure, and function. C) brain and spinal cord . 55. A disease that destroyed astrocytes would be expected to: A) efferent neuron Answer: Option D is correct Explanation: Neurons generally do not e . Myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the oligodendrocyte, Efferent nerve fibers may be described as motor nerve fibers. a. receives input from sensory neurons b. directs activity of motor neurons that innervate muscles and glands c. contains association neurons within the brain and spinal cord d. conta, Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? b. control the chemical environment around neurons. 1. Imagine a neuron that has several hundred axonal knobs impinging on it. A neuron consists of a nucleus, a region of tissue that contains the cell body. See Page 1. An anesthetic protocol allowing electrophysiological singleunit recordings from inhibitory, presumably GABAergic PC interneurons in vivo is developed and may be useful for evaluation of PC neurons in kindled rats. d. increased protection of the brain. All rights reserved. a. that a person will have a polymorphism. The hills on the surface of the brain are referred to as: B) anchor neurons to blood vessels Which of the following is the study of mechanisms of gene expression not involving d. cerebellum. stem c.) muscles d.) osteocytes. a. the thin filaments of smooth muscle fibers are attached to dense bodies. Some ions are prevented from moving down their concentration gradients by ATP-driven pumps. a. visual information. c. hindbrain. 1. C) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. Saltatory conduction is made possible by ________. B) Ions always move passively across membranes. C) leakage channel Question. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. High mitotic rate B. 73. c. decrease anxiety. alternations to DNA sequences? depolarized to A) support and brace neurons (a) microglia (b) oligodendrocytes (c) ependymal cells (d) astrocytes. Write a paragraph describing the Characteristics of the Neuron. Neurons and muscle cells are considered excitable tissues because they do what? [25] designed a voltage output feedback controller, which uses the neural network feed-forward (NNFF) with the harmony search algorithm (HSA) to control the PEMFC output voltage. (1991) finds that the CA1 neuron exhibits trains of action potentials when a small current (< 1 nA) is applied to the soma, but a full calcium spike and burst followed by trains of action potentials when the same small current is applied to . c. Transcription factors D) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. The interior of a neuron is composed of cytoplasm and a gel that is called. 66. Relative to the prefrontal cortex, the neuron would be called a(n): c. Epigenetics Classify Neurons by 3 Structures. Which of the following is NOT a function or characteristic of neurons? ce3z/(4zi)3dz. Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) play a vital role in conveying complex information from hair cells to the brainstem (Shrestha et al., 2018).As the injury or degeneration of SGNs is particularly devastating to hearing function, thus the repair of SGNs is of great importance in hearing-related biomedical fields (Petitpre et al., 2018; Wei et al., 2021). A) Group C fibers are not capable of saltatory conduction. b. cholinesterase. . Select the correct statement regarding synapses. There are two well-characterized cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R and other candidates): the central nervous system (CNS) enriched CB1R and peripheral tissue enriched CB2R with a wide dynamic range of expression levels in different cell types of human tissues. a. on dendrites. (a) Cell body (b) Dendrites (c) Axon (d) All of the above are structural features of a neuron. C) innervation of glands All of the following describe functions for cerebrospinal fluid except: 61. D) sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tract, What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called? acetylcholine Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle? B) muscle contraction would occur A) They increase amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point. Classify Neurons by their Function. Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function? In addition to diffusion, what are two other mechanisms that terminate neurotransmitter activity? c. Astrocytes d. motor neuron. B) If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon ________. True or False, Axon diameter and degree of myelination determine nerve impulse conduction velocity. A patient is admitted to the hospital with exacerbation of multiple sclerosis (MS). C) opens K+ or Cl- channels your answer. c) Myelin traps sodium ions on the axon an. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the myelin sheaths are destroyed. c. Motor efferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. People throughout history (has, have) been fascinated by the moon. The thalamus routes all types of sensory information except: a. parietal lobe. 10. 36. How are women stereotyped by men in Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl? ce3z/(4zi)3dz_ce^{3z}/(4z-i)^3dz Name the parts that comprise the elbow joint. Saltatory propagation occurs in _________ axons, in which action potentials _________. mastering a&p- chapter 11 (part of 12) EXAM 5, Anatomy & Physiology Test 2: Tissues & Integu, UTA Biol 2458- A&P 2 Aranda Test review 1, Mastering Homework Questions and Notes: Actio, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. Which component has a role in the postsynaptic cell during synaptic activity? b. Broca's Aphasia. d. a transcription factor. Which of the following is a factor that determines the rate of impulse propagation, or conduction velocity, along an axon? Schwann cells are functionally similar to ________. The person may have constricted pupils. Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open? (c) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. a. tegmentum. What is an example of a presynaptic cell? We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. Required fields are marked. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of smooth muscle? In the presence of invading microbes, microglial cells become macrophages to phagocytize the microbes and neuronal debris. d. cause a tremor. 1.Introduction. C) biogenic amine d. The person may have motor tremor. c. Cerebellum A) axon a) axon b) axon hillock c) dendrites d) soma, Which of the following is not a structural feature of a neuron? c. sleepiness. Stimulation of initial axon segment Sensory Neurons Motor Neurons Inter-Neurons Which cell causes endothelial cells to fit closely together? a. improve working memory. Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons. Which of the following plays an integral role in saltatory conduction? Integrate. D. They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate., These cells in the CNS have cilia that move in order to circulate cerebrospinal fluid ________. To find the time when this object reaches the position x=0x=0x=0 we can use the quadratic formula, or apply the following two-step procedure: (a) Use Equation v2=v02+2a(xx0)=v02+2axv^2=v_0^2+2 a\left(x-x_0\right)=v_0^2+2 a \Delta xv2=v02+2a(xx0)=v02+2ax to show that the velocity of the object when it reaches x=0x=0x=0 is given by v=v022ax0v=\pm \sqrt{v_0^2-2 a x_0}v=v022ax0. the somatic nervous system. c. Myelin traps sodium ions in the axon and, What does myelin do for neurons? Preganglionic neurons are located in the brain stem and sacral segments of the spinal cord. DI) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. d. Neurogenetics. a. the classification is based on the number of processes extending from the cell body b. multipolar neurons have several axons and one dendrite c. most neurons in the; Which of the following neurons forms the blood-brain barrier? Which of the following is not a special characteristic of neurons? The midbrain contains the: a. temporal lobe. d. hypothalamus. It is important when reducing any model to first identify these characteristic behaviours. In myelinated axons the voltage-regulated sodium channels are concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier. Sensory and motor divisions. C) frequency of action potentials Which of the following are true about neurons? C) opening of voltage-regulated channels A) support and brace neurons Which cells in the brain remove normal cellular waste? 2 introduce new . c. Autonomic Nervous System 59. All of the following describe the functions of astrocytes except: 69. B) amplify or enhance the effect of ACh Begin by sketching the contour. Image credit: iStockphoto. C) An excitatory postsynaptic potential occurs if the excitatory effect is greater than the inhibitory effect but less than threshold. Which pattern of neural processing is important for higher level mental processing such as problem solving? 41. D) erratic transmission of nerve impulses, Which of the following is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters? An experimental drug that reduces the release of chemicals that inhibit axon growth may: That part of the nervous system that is voluntary and conducts impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles is the ________ nervous system.
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